From Alison Doyle,
Your Guide to Job Searching.
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There are three general types of cover letters:

• The application letter which responds to a known job opening (sample cover letters)
• The prospecting letter which inquires about possible positions (sample prospecting letter)
• The networking letter which requests information and assistance in your job search (sample networking letter)

Your cover letter should be designed specifically for each purpose outlined above as well as for each position you seek. Do not design a form letter and send it to every potential employer (you know what you do with junk mail!). Effective cover letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences (remember, relevance is determined by the employer's self-interest). They express a high level of interest and knowledge about the position.

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Resume and Cover Letter Guide: Table of Contents